You are the Guesser in a Twenty Questions benchmark. Identify the hidden subject using as few counted turns as possible. BEGIN provides only its broad category. The variation_token has no clues; do not interpret, mention, or repeat it. The category in BEGIN has a broad meaning: - person: a real human, living or historical. - fictional_character: an invented character from a story, book, comic, film, television, game, or another fictional work. - mythological_figure: a figure from mythology or traditional legend. - video_game_character: a character known from video games. - thing: a broad category covering natural and human-made entities, living or nonliving, whole entities or parts of them. Possibilities include everyday objects, tools, machines, materials, food, animals, plants, body parts, natural structures, geographical features, celestial bodies, natural phenomena, and concepts. These possibilities are not exhaustive. The target may be a general kind or one particular instance. Use questions to narrow the supplied category. These definitions are not a list of targets. Use ASK for a factual question that distinguishes candidates. Never use ASK to confirm a specific identity. Use GUESS with a name and short identifying description to name a candidate. ASK has five possible replies: - YES or NO: the evidence establishes that answer to the exact question. - RATHER_YES or RATHER_NO: evidence leans that way, but is not strong enough for a firm answer. Treat this as a clue; keep candidates fitting the opposite answer possible. - UNKNOWN: no reliable direction. It supports neither answer. Ask clear questions about verifiable properties. "Can", "sometimes", "usually", "always", and "mainly" ask different things. Do not assume that one property proves another or rules out alternatives. Qualified replies express uncertainty about your question, not how often a property applies. Before narrowing heavily, check your key assumption with a different property. After rejected guesses, reconsider earlier assumptions as well as candidates. Answers can be mistaken; check another property when stuck. Do not ignore an answer merely because it conflicts with a preferred candidate. Each ASK, rejected GUESS, or format error before the limit costs one turn. A correct GUESS costs none. After 40 counted turns, make one final GUESS; ASK is then forbidden. Identity validation uses only YES, NO, or UNKNOWN. UNKNOWN on GUESS ends the game without success. FORMAT_ERROR means your output broke the contract, was not checked for correctness, and cost one turn. Retry using its displayed formats if a turn remains. Return only the required JSON object with exactly one result action. No explanations, reasoning, or extra fields.
- Questions
- 30
- Outcome
- Solved
- Format errors
- No errors
- Duration
- 18m 1s
- Round cost
- $0.1300 All 31 turns
Transcript
Questions and answers.
Turns are shown in the order they happened. Each shows the Guesser's question or guess, then the final checked answer.
Exact Guesser setupSystem message and BEGIN event
The Guesser received these messages at the start of the round. The BEGIN message holds the broad category and a code made from the base seed and round number, which reveals nothing about the subject.
{"category":"person","event":"BEGIN","variation_token":"AMZAISLM"}Valid replies are shown in the required format. Rejected replies are shown separately, without provider or call IDs.
4 of 30 answers in this round reuse an earlier, fully checked answer with its original evidence. No new search or check ran for those turns.
Q1
1 · Guesser asks
Is this person currently alive?
Recorded Guesser outputRequired JSON format
{"result":{"action":"ASK","description":null,"name":null,"question":"Is this person currently alive?"}}Oracle evidence2 model-reported sources
The Oracle reported these excerpts and URLs. They are not independently checked.
Genghis Khan (born 1162, near Lake Baikal, Mongolia—died August 18, 1227) was a Mongolian warrior-ruler.Open britannica.com (opens in a new tab)
On August 18, 1227, while putting down a revolt in the kingdom of Xi Xia, Genghis Khan died.Open history.com (opens in a new tab)
2 · Answer check returns No
Q2
1 · Guesser asks
Was this person male?
Recorded Guesser outputRequired JSON format
{"result":{"action":"ASK","description":null,"name":null,"question":"Was this person male?"}}Oracle evidence2 model-reported sources
The Oracle reported these excerpts and URLs. They are not independently checked.
Source summary (model-reported)
The Biography.com page identifies the subject as “Genghis Khan,” gives his birth name as Temujin, and lists “Gender: Male.”
Open biography.com (opens in a new tab)Source summary (model-reported)
Britannica identifies Genghis Khan, also known as Temüjin, as a Mongolian warrior-ruler who consolidated the tribes of Mongolia and founded the Mongol Empire.
Open britannica.com (opens in a new tab) 2 · Answer check returns Yes
Q3
1 · Guesser asks
Is this person known primarily for achievements in politics or government?
Recorded Guesser outputRequired JSON format
{"result":{"action":"ASK","description":null,"name":null,"question":"Is this person known primarily for achievements in politics or government?"}}Oracle evidence3 model-reported sources
The Oracle reported these excerpts and URLs. They are not independently checked.
Source summary (model-reported)
Genghis Khan was best known for unifying the Mongolian steppe under a massive empire that was able to challenge the powerful Jin dynasty in China and capture territory as far west as the Caspian Sea. He was a Mongolian warrior and ruler who brought the nomadic tribes of Mongolia under his rule and began campaigns of plunder and conquest.
Open britannica.com (opens in a new tab)Source summary (model-reported)
Britannica describes Genghis Khan as a Mongolian warrior-ruler who consolidated nomadic tribes into a unified Mongolia. It emphasizes his military campaigns, use of siege techniques, conquest of much of northern China, destruction of the Khwārezm-Shah dynasty, and military brilliance.
Open britannica.com (opens in a new tab)Source summary (model-reported)
The BBC states that Genghis Khan created a stable and organised Mongol nation with a legal and political structure, established a royal court, reorganised the army, and used laws and regulations known as the Yassa to maintain order.
Open bbc.co.uk (opens in a new tab) 2 · Answer check returns No
Q4
1 · Guesser asks
Is this person known primarily for achievements in science, mathematics, technology, or invention?
Recorded Guesser outputRequired JSON format
{"result":{"action":"ASK","description":null,"name":null,"question":"Is this person known primarily for achievements in science, mathematics, technology, or invention?"}}Oracle evidence3 model-reported sources
The Oracle reported these excerpts and URLs. They are not independently checked.
Source summary (model-reported)
A military genius, Genghis Khan united the clans and tribes of peoples later collectively known as the Mongols, leading them on conquests to the east, south, and west and organizing the Mongol Empire.
Open ebsco.com (opens in a new tab)Source summary (model-reported)
In 1206 at a kurultai, Temujin was proclaimed Genghis Khan, the ruler of a united Mongol nation. Genghis Khan died in 1227, after ruling for 21 years. His influence continued to shape the world for generations.
Open bbc.co.uk (opens in a new tab)Source summary (model-reported)
Pax Mongolica created a relatively stable environment for the development of global trade and the cross-fertilization of cultures and knowledge that came with it. The article also describes exchanges of technology and culture associated with his empire.
Open richmondfed.org (opens in a new tab) 2 · Answer check returns No
Q5
1 · Guesser asks
Is this person known primarily for achievements in the arts, literature, music, or entertainment?
Recorded Guesser outputRequired JSON format
{"result":{"action":"ASK","description":null,"name":null,"question":"Is this person known primarily for achievements in the arts, literature, music, or entertainment?"}}Oracle evidence3 model-reported sources
The Oracle reported these excerpts and URLs. They are not independently checked.
Source summary (model-reported)
Britannica states that Genghis Khan was best known for unifying the Mongolian steppe under a massive empire and describes his campaigns of plunder and conquest. It also identifies him as the founder of the Mongol nation and organizer of the Mongol armies.
Open britannica.com (opens in a new tab)Source summary (model-reported)
Encyclopedia.com describes Genghis Khan as a Mongolian conqueror and ruler, creator of the Mongol nation, founder of one of the greatest empires in history, and a military leader who united Mongolia and expanded the empire.
Open encyclopedia.com (opens in a new tab)Source summary (model-reported)
BBC Bitesize describes Temujin becoming Genghis Khan, ruler of a united Mongol nation, and covers his creation of the Mongol state, military reorganization, invasions, and territorial conquests.
Open bbc.co.uk (opens in a new tab) 2 · Answer check returns No
Q6
1 · Guesser asks
Is this person known primarily for achievements in sports or athletics?
Recorded Guesser outputRequired JSON format
{"result":{"action":"ASK","description":null,"name":null,"question":"Is this person known primarily for achievements in sports or athletics?"}}Oracle evidence2 model-reported sources
The Oracle reported these excerpts and URLs. They are not independently checked.
Source summary (model-reported)
Genghis Khan was best known for unifying the Mongolian steppe under a massive empire... As the founder of the Mongol nation, the organizer of the Mongol armies, and the genius behind their campaigns...
Open britannica.com (opens in a new tab)Source summary (model-reported)
The achievements of Genghis Khan were grandiose. He united all the nomadic tribes, and with numerically inferior armies he defeated great empires... At the time of his death, Genghis Khan had conquered the land mass extending from Beijing to the Caspian Sea.
Open britannica.com (opens in a new tab) 2 · Answer check returns No
Q7
1 · Guesser asks
Is this person known primarily for achievements in military affairs?
Recorded Guesser outputRequired JSON format
{"result":{"action":"ASK","description":null,"name":null,"question":"Is this person known primarily for achievements in military affairs?"}}Oracle evidence2 model-reported sources
The Oracle reported these excerpts and URLs. They are not independently checked.
Source summary (model-reported)
Britannica describes Genghis Khan as a “Mongolian warrior-ruler” who consolidated nomadic tribes, led campaigns across Asia and Europe, used varied siege techniques, and was “admired for his military brilliance and ability to learn.”
Open britannica.com (opens in a new tab)Source summary (model-reported)
Britannica states that Genghis Khan was best known for unifying the Mongolian steppe under a massive empire, and describes him as the founder of the Mongol nation, organizer of the Mongol armies, and the genius behind their campaigns.
Open britannica.com (opens in a new tab) 2 · Answer check returns Yes
Q8
1 · Guesser asks
Did this person live before the year 1900?
Recorded Guesser outputRequired JSON format
{"result":{"action":"ASK","description":null,"name":null,"question":"Did this person live before the year 1900?"}}Oracle evidence1 model-reported source
The Oracle reported these excerpts and URLs. They are not independently checked.
Genghis Khan (born 1162, near Lake Baikal, Mongolia—died August 18, 1227) was a Mongolian warrior-ruler.Open britannica.com (opens in a new tab)
2 · Answer check returns Yes
Q9
1 · Guesser asks
Did this person live before the year 1500?
Recorded Guesser outputRequired JSON format
{"result":{"action":"ASK","description":null,"name":null,"question":"Did this person live before the year 1500?"}}Oracle evidence1 model-reported source
The Oracle reported these excerpts and URLs. They are not independently checked.
Genghis Khan (born 1162, near Lake Baikal, Mongolia—died August 18, 1227) was a Mongolian warrior-ruler.Open britannica.com (opens in a new tab)
2 · Answer check returns Yes
Q10
1 · Guesser asks
Was this person associated with Europe or the Mediterranean world (including ancient Greece and Rome)?
Recorded Guesser outputRequired JSON format
{"result":{"action":"ASK","description":null,"name":null,"question":"Was this person associated with Europe or the Mediterranean world (including ancient Greece and Rome)?"}}Oracle evidence2 model-reported sources
The Oracle reported these excerpts and URLs. They are not independently checked.
By 1223 his armies have moved round the Caspian and up through the Caucasus mountains to plunder cities of the Crimea and southern Russia.Open historyworld.net (opens in a new tab)
Source summary (model-reported)
Britannica describes Genghis Khan's campaigns as extending across the settled periphery of Eurasia and emphasizes that they were larger, more successful, and more lasting in effect than those of other leaders.
Open britannica.com (opens in a new tab) 2 · Answer check returns Yes
Q11
1 · Guesser asks
Did this person live before 500 AD?
Recorded Guesser outputRequired JSON format
{"result":{"action":"ASK","description":null,"name":null,"question":"Did this person live before 500 AD?"}}Oracle evidence1 model-reported source
The Oracle reported these excerpts and URLs. They are not independently checked.
Born: 1162, near Lake Baikal, Mongolia. Died: August 18, 1227 (aged 65).Open britannica.com (opens in a new tab)
2 · Answer check returns No
Q12
1 · Guesser asks
Was this person a sovereign ruler, such as a king, emperor, or sultan?
Recorded Guesser outputRequired JSON format
{"result":{"action":"ASK","description":null,"name":null,"question":"Was this person a sovereign ruler, such as a king, emperor, or sultan?"}}Oracle evidence2 model-reported sources
The Oracle reported these excerpts and URLs. They are not independently checked.
Source summary (model-reported)
In 1206 an assembly of leaders declared him universal emperor (chinggis khān) of the Mongolian steppe. Genghis Khan was a warrior and ruler ... [who] brought all the nomadic tribes of Mongolia under the rule of himself and his family.
Open britannica.com (opens in a new tab)Source summary (model-reported)
By 1206 Temüüjin’s success in tribal warfare caused him to be proclaimed ruler of All the Mongols with the rank of khan and the title of Genghis.
Open britannica.com (opens in a new tab) 2 · Answer check returns Yes
Q13
1 · Guesser asks
Did this person live after the year 1000 AD?
Recorded Guesser outputRequired JSON format
{"result":{"action":"ASK","description":null,"name":null,"question":"Did this person live after the year 1000 AD?"}}Oracle evidence2 model-reported sources
The Oracle reported these excerpts and URLs. They are not independently checked.
Source summary (model-reported)
Born: 1162, near Lake Baikal, Mongolia ... Died: August 18, 1227 (aged 65).
Open britannica.com (opens in a new tab)Genghis Khan c.1162 – c.1227 ... He was born around 1162 ... Genghis Khan died in 1227.Open bbc.co.uk (opens in a new tab)
2 · Answer check returns Yes
Q14
1 · Guesser asks
Was this person a king or ruler of England?
Recorded Guesser outputRequired JSON format
{"result":{"action":"ASK","description":null,"name":null,"question":"Was this person a king or ruler of England?"}}Oracle evidence3 model-reported sources
The Oracle reported these excerpts and URLs. They are not independently checked.
Source summary (model-reported)
By 1206 Temüüjin’s success in tribal warfare caused him to be proclaimed ruler of All the Mongols with the rank of khan and the title of Genghis.
Open britannica.com (opens in a new tab)Source summary (model-reported)
Genghis Khan was a Mongolian warrior-ruler ... who consolidated tribes into a unified Mongolia and then extended his empire across Asia to the Adriatic Sea.
Open britannica.com (opens in a new tab)Source summary (model-reported)
In 1206 at a kurultai, which was an assembly of Mongol Chiefs, Temujin was proclaimed Genghis Khan, the ruler of a united Mongol nation.
Open bbc.co.uk (opens in a new tab) 2 · Answer check returns No
Q15
1 · Guesser asks
Was this person a ruler in the Iberian Peninsula (Spain or Portugal)?
Recorded Guesser outputRequired JSON format
{"result":{"action":"ASK","description":null,"name":null,"question":"Was this person a ruler in the Iberian Peninsula (Spain or Portugal)?"}}Oracle evidence3 model-reported sources
The Oracle reported these excerpts and URLs. They are not independently checked.
Source summary (model-reported)
Genghis Khan ... was a Mongolian warrior-ruler ... who consolidated tribes into a unified Mongolia. He then turned his attention toward the settled peoples beyond the borders of his nomadic realm ... leading to the establishment of the great Mongol Empire.
Open britannica.com (opens in a new tab)Source summary (model-reported)
Genghis Khan consolidated nomadic tribes into a unified Mongolia ... In 1206 [he] was acknowledged as Genghis Khan, or universal ruler. ... His generals, who had been expanding into Europe, ceased their advances and returned to the Mongolian capital to witness the election of a new great khan. If Ögödei had lived longer, western Europe might have fallen to the Mongols.
Open britannica.com (opens in a new tab)Source summary (model-reported)
The Mongol Empire (1206-1368) was founded by Genghis Khan (r. 1206-1227), first Great Khan or 'universal ruler' of the Mongol peoples. ... 1206-1227 Reign of Genghis Khan as the ruler of the Mongol Empire.
Open worldhistory.org (opens in a new tab) 2 · Answer check returns No
Q16
1 · Guesser asks
Was this person a Muslim ruler?
Recorded Guesser outputRequired JSON format
{"result":{"action":"ASK","description":null,"name":null,"question":"Was this person a Muslim ruler?"}}Oracle evidence3 model-reported sources
The Oracle reported these excerpts and URLs. They are not independently checked.
The yassa favored no religion and prohibited discrimination and favoritism on the basis of religion... Chinggis Khan, who continued to worship Tengri, granted tax and labor service exemptions to all religious leaders...Open openstax.org (opens in a new tab)
The Mongols were not anti-Muslim. One of Chinggis Khan’s precepts to his descendants was that they should favor no religion over any other. “Holy men” of all faiths enjoyed immunities...Open yalebooks.yale.edu (opens in a new tab)
Source summary (model-reported)
The Mongol conquest of the Islamic world began in the early thirteenth century when Genghis Khan and his warriors overran Central Asia and devastated much of Iran. The work describes the early Mongol khans as non-Muslim rulers before the conversion of later khans.
Open jstor.org (opens in a new tab) 2 · Answer check returns No
Q17
1 · Guesser asks
Was this person associated with the Holy Roman Empire or the German lands?
Recorded Guesser outputRequired JSON format
{"result":{"action":"ASK","description":null,"name":null,"question":"Was this person associated with the Holy Roman Empire or the German lands?"}}Oracle evidence2 model-reported sources
The Oracle reported these excerpts and URLs. They are not independently checked.
Source summary (model-reported)
Britannica identifies Genghis Khan as khan of the Mongol Empire from 1206 to 1227 and gives his death date as August 18, 1227.
Open britannica.com (opens in a new tab)Source summary (model-reported)
The source states that Mongol forces moved into the lands of the Holy Roman Empire, with scouts reaching Vienna. It also describes a combined European army of Czech, Polish, and German forces opposing the Mongols, and says the Mongols withdrew after news of Ögedei Khan's death.
Open books.openedition.org (opens in a new tab) 2 · Answer check returns Unknown
Q18
1 · Guesser asks
Was this person primarily associated with Eastern Europe or the Balkans?
Recorded Guesser outputRequired JSON format
{"result":{"action":"ASK","description":null,"name":null,"question":"Was this person primarily associated with Eastern Europe or the Balkans?"}}Oracle evidence3 model-reported sources
The Oracle reported these excerpts and URLs. They are not independently checked.
Source summary (model-reported)
Britannica describes Genghis Khan as a Mongolian warrior-ruler who consolidated the nomadic tribes of Mongolia and then extended his empire across Asia to the Adriatic Sea.
Open britannica.com (opens in a new tab)Source summary (model-reported)
The BBC states that Temujin became the most powerful leader in Mongolia, was proclaimed ruler of a united Mongol nation in 1206, and later controlled present-day Central Asia, Afghanistan, and Iran.
Open bbc.co.uk (opens in a new tab)Source summary (model-reported)
Britannica Kids identifies him as a Mongolian nomad born in northern Mongolia. It notes that his armies later entered Europe, reaching the Don and Dnieper rivers, while he returned eastward.
Open kids.britannica.com (opens in a new tab) 2 · Answer check returns No
Q19
1 · Guesser asks
Was this person a king or ruler of France?
Recorded Guesser outputRequired JSON format
{"result":{"action":"ASK","description":null,"name":null,"question":"Was this person a king or ruler of France?"}}Oracle evidence3 model-reported sources
The Oracle reported these excerpts and URLs. They are not independently checked.
Source summary (model-reported)
Britannica identifies Genghis Khan as a “Mongolian warrior-ruler” and says he unified the nomadic tribes of Mongolia and established the Mongol Empire.
Open britannica.com (opens in a new tab)Source summary (model-reported)
Britannica states that by 1206 Temüjin was proclaimed “ruler of All the Mongols” with the rank of khan and the title Genghis.
Open britannica.com (opens in a new tab)Source summary (model-reported)
The BBC says that in 1206 Temujin was proclaimed Genghis Khan, “the ruler of a united Mongol nation,” and that he died in 1227 after ruling for 21 years.
Open bbc.co.uk (opens in a new tab) 2 · Answer check returns No
Q20
1 · Guesser asks
Was this person a ruler in Scandinavia (Denmark, Norway, or Sweden)?
Recorded Guesser outputRequired JSON format
{"result":{"action":"ASK","description":null,"name":null,"question":"Was this person a ruler in Scandinavia (Denmark, Norway, or Sweden)?"}}Oracle evidence3 model-reported sources
The Oracle reported these excerpts and URLs. They are not independently checked.
Source summary (model-reported)
Genghis Khan ... was a Mongolian warrior-ruler ... who consolidated tribes into a unified Mongolia and then extended his empire across Asia to the Adriatic Sea.
Open britannica.com (opens in a new tab)Source summary (model-reported)
By 1206 Temüüjin’s success in tribal warfare caused him to be proclaimed ruler of All the Mongols with the rank of khan and the title of Genghis.
Open britannica.com (opens in a new tab)Source summary (model-reported)
In 1206 at a kurultai ... Temujin was proclaimed Genghis Khan, the ruler of a united Mongol nation.
Open bbc.co.uk (opens in a new tab) 2 · Answer check returns No
Q21
1 · Guesser asks
Was this person a ruler of a kingdom in the British Isles other than England?
Recorded Guesser outputRequired JSON format
{"result":{"action":"ASK","description":null,"name":null,"question":"Was this person a ruler of a kingdom in the British Isles other than England?"}}Oracle evidence3 model-reported sources
The Oracle reported these excerpts and URLs. They are not independently checked.
Source summary (model-reported)
Genghis Khan ... was a Mongolian warrior-ruler ... He then turned his attention toward the settled peoples beyond the borders of his nomadic realm ... leading to the establishment of the great Mongol Empire.
Open britannica.com (opens in a new tab)Source summary (model-reported)
In 1206 he is accepted as emperor of all the steppe people and is proclaimed Genghis Khan, a title that means “universal ruler.” ... Genghis Khan directs an attack against the Tangut kingdom of Xi Xia, a northwestern border-state of China.
Open britannica.com (opens in a new tab)Source summary (model-reported)
In 1206 at a kurultai, an assembly of Mongol Chiefs, Temujin was proclaimed Genghis Khan, the ruler of a united Mongol nation.
Open bbc.co.uk (opens in a new tab) 2 · Answer check returns No
Q22
1 · Guesser asks
Was this person primarily associated with the Italian peninsula?
Recorded Guesser outputRequired JSON format
{"result":{"action":"ASK","description":null,"name":null,"question":"Was this person primarily associated with the Italian peninsula?"}}Oracle evidence3 model-reported sources
The Oracle reported these excerpts and URLs. They are not independently checked.
Source summary (model-reported)
Born: 1162, near Lake Baikal, Mongolia. ... Genghis Khan was best known for unifying the Mongolian steppe under a massive empire ...
Open britannica.com (opens in a new tab)Source summary (model-reported)
Genghis Khan ... born 1162, near Lake Baikal, Mongolia ... [was a] Mongolian warrior-ruler who consolidated nomadic tribes into a unified Mongolia and whose troops fought from China’s Pacific coast to Europe’s Adriatic Sea.
Open britannica.com (opens in a new tab)Source summary (model-reported)
The Mongol Empire began in 1206 when Genghis Khan united Mongolian tribes. ... Originating from the Mongol heartland in the Steppe of central Asia, by the late 13th century it spanned from the Pacific ...
Open britannica.com (opens in a new tab) 2 · Answer check returns No
Q23
1 · Guesser asks
Was this person a ruler of the Byzantine (Eastern Roman) Empire?
Recorded Guesser outputRequired JSON format
{"result":{"action":"ASK","description":null,"name":null,"question":"Was this person a ruler of the Byzantine (Eastern Roman) Empire?"}}Oracle evidence3 model-reported sources
The Oracle reported these excerpts and URLs. They are not independently checked.
Source summary (model-reported)
Britannica identifies Genghis Khan as a Mongolian warrior-ruler and states that in 1206 an assembly declared him universal emperor of the Mongolian steppe. His conquests led to the establishment of the Mongol Empire.
Open britannica.com (opens in a new tab)Source summary (model-reported)
The page lists Genghis Khan's title/office as “khan (1206-1227), Mongol empire” and describes him as consolidating the Mongolian steppe under a large empire.
Open mendel-dev.dev-ext.britannica.com (opens in a new tab)Source summary (model-reported)
The list describes the Byzantine Empire as the direct legal continuation of the eastern half of the Roman Empire and presents its rulers as Byzantine emperors.
Open en.wikipedia.org (opens in a new tab) 2 · Answer check returns No
Q24
1 · Guesser asks
Was this person a Christian?
Recorded Guesser outputRequired JSON format
{"result":{"action":"ASK","description":null,"name":null,"question":"Was this person a Christian?"}}Oracle evidence2 model-reported sources
The Oracle reported these excerpts and URLs. They are not independently checked.
The Mongols of the steppes believed in shamans—spiritual guides who could intercede between humans and the powerful spirits of good and evil. Both Genghis Khan (d. 1227) and his son Ögödei (r. 1229–41) were shamanists. One of Genghis’s grandsons, Khubilai Khan (r. 1260–95), embraced Buddhism.Open metmuseum.org (opens in a new tab)
Source summary (model-reported)
The Mongols’ religion was shamanism. They combined this with belief in Tengri, the Eternal Sky, as the supreme supernatural power. Some Mongol tribes professed the form of Christianity known as Nestorian. Some members of the Mongol princely houses and senior advisors were Nestorian Christians.
Open whfua.history.ucla.edu (opens in a new tab) 2 · Answer check returns No
Q25
1 · Guesser asks
Was this person a ruler of a Mongol khanate or the Mongol Empire?
Recorded Guesser outputRequired JSON format
{"result":{"action":"ASK","description":null,"name":null,"question":"Was this person a ruler of a Mongol khanate or the Mongol Empire?"}}Oracle evidence2 model-reported sources
The Oracle reported these excerpts and URLs. They are not independently checked.
Source summary (model-reported)
Genghis Khan, or Chinggis Khan orig. Temüjin ... Mongolian warrior-ruler ... The leader of a destitute clan, Temüjin ... formed a Mongol confederacy, which in 1206 acknowledged him as Genghis Khan (“Universal Ruler”).
Open britannica.com (opens in a new tab)In 1206 he is accepted as emperor of all the steppe people and is proclaimed Genghis Khan, a title that means “universal ruler.” This event is regarded as the beginning of the Mongol Empire.Open britannica.com (opens in a new tab)
2 · Answer check returns Yes
Q26
1 · Guesser asks
Was this person the founder or a ruler of the Mongol Ilkhanate based in Persia and the Middle East?
Recorded Guesser outputRequired JSON format
{"result":{"action":"ASK","description":null,"name":null,"question":"Was this person the founder or a ruler of the Mongol Ilkhanate based in Persia and the Middle East?"}}Oracle evidence3 model-reported sources
The Oracle reported these excerpts and URLs. They are not independently checked.
Source summary (model-reported)
The Mongol Empire (1206-1368) was founded by Genghis Khan (r. 1206-1227)... The Ilkhanate, centred on Persia, was founded by Hulegu (d. 1265), another grandson of Genghis around 1260.
Open worldhistory.org (opens in a new tab)Source summary (model-reported)
Genghis Khan (born 1162, near Lake Baikal, Mongolia—died August 18, 1227) was a Mongolian warrior-ruler... who consolidated tribes into a unified Mongolia and then extended his empire across Asia.
Open britannica.com (opens in a new tab)Source summary (model-reported)
Hulegu Khan, founder of the Ilkhanate, ... was the first khan of the Ilkhanate. ... The title Ilkhan carried by the descendants of Hülegü ... does not appear in the sources until after 1260.
Open en.wikipedia.org (opens in a new tab) 2 · Answer check returns No
Q27
1 · Guesser asks
Was this person a ruler of the Golden Horde (the Mongol khanate in Russia and Central Asia)?
Recorded Guesser outputRequired JSON format
{"result":{"action":"ASK","description":null,"name":null,"question":"Was this person a ruler of the Golden Horde (the Mongol khanate in Russia and Central Asia)?"}}Oracle evidence2 model-reported sources
The Oracle reported these excerpts and URLs. They are not independently checked.
Source summary (model-reported)
Batu (died c. 1255, Russia) was the grandson of Genghis Khan and founder of the Khanate of Kipchak, or the Golden Horde. ... He established the state of the Golden Horde in southern Russia, which was ruled by his successors for the next 200 years.
Open britannica.com (opens in a new tab)Source summary (model-reported)
Genghis Khan dies in 1227. ... 1240: Batu, a grandson of Genghis Khan, expands the domain of the Golden Horde in a series of brilliant campaigns.
Open britannica.com (opens in a new tab) 2 · Answer check returns No
Q28
1 · Guesser asks
Was this person a ruler of the Chagatai Khanate (Central Asia)?
Recorded Guesser outputRequired JSON format
{"result":{"action":"ASK","description":null,"name":null,"question":"Was this person a ruler of the Chagatai Khanate (Central Asia)?"}}Oracle evidence3 model-reported sources
The Oracle reported these excerpts and URLs. They are not independently checked.
Source summary (model-reported)
The Chagatai Khanate was established by Chagatai (1183-1242 CE), the second son of Genghis Khan (r. 1206-1227 CE). The timeline identifies Chagatai as ruler of the khanate from c. 1227 to 1242.
Open worldhistory.org (opens in a new tab)Source summary (model-reported)
Chagatai was the second son of Genghis Khan who, at his father’s death, received Kashgaria and most of Transoxania as his vassal kingdom. Chagatai is described as the ruler of that realm.
Open britannica.com (opens in a new tab)Source summary (model-reported)
The Chagatai Khanate was a medieval state in Central Asia, established by Chagatai Khan, the second son of Genghis Khan.
Open britannica.com (opens in a new tab) 2 · Answer check returns No
Q29
1 · Guesser asks
Was this person a ruler of the Yuan dynasty in China?
Recorded Guesser outputRequired JSON format
{"result":{"action":"ASK","description":null,"name":null,"question":"Was this person a ruler of the Yuan dynasty in China?"}}Oracle evidence3 model-reported sources
The Oracle reported these excerpts and URLs. They are not independently checked.
Source summary (model-reported)
The Yuan dynasty, established by Mongol nomads, ruled China from the early 13th century to 1368. ... In 1271, the Mongol dynasty was renamed the Yuan and established a Chinese-style administration ... under Kublai Khan and his successors.
Open britannica.com (opens in a new tab)Source summary (model-reported)
Kublai comes to regard himself primarily as a Chinese emperor, and his dynasty becomes known as the Yuan Dynasty.
Open britannica.com (opens in a new tab)Source summary (model-reported)
1227 | 18 August | Genghis Khan dies ... 1271 | ... Kublai Khan declares himself emperor of the Yuan dynasty.
Open en.wikipedia.org (opens in a new tab) 2 · Answer check returns No
Q30
1 · Guesser asks
Was this person the founder (the first Great Khan) of the Mongol Empire?
Recorded Guesser outputRequired JSON format
{"result":{"action":"ASK","description":null,"name":null,"question":"Was this person the founder (the first Great Khan) of the Mongol Empire?"}}Oracle evidence2 model-reported sources
The Oracle reported these excerpts and URLs. They are not independently checked.
Source summary (model-reported)
The source identifies Genghis Khan (born Temüjin) as the founder and first khan of the Mongol Empire, with a reign beginning in 1206.
Open en.wikipedia.org (opens in a new tab)Source summary (model-reported)
The source states that the Mongol Empire was founded by Genghis Khan in 1206 and that he was proclaimed Universal Ruler, or Genghis Khan, at a 1206 assembly.
Open encyclopedia.com (opens in a new tab) 2 · Answer check returns Yes
G
1 · Guesser guessesNot counted
Genghis Khan
Founder and first Great Khan of the Mongol Empire (c. 1162–1227), a military and sovereign ruler.
Validator rationale The proposal names Genghis Khan and describes the same historical person, the founder and first khan of the Mongol Empire.
Recorded Guesser outputRequired JSON format
{"result":{"action":"GUESS","description":"Founder and first Great Khan of the Mongol Empire (c. 1162–1227), a military and sovereign ruler.","name":"Genghis Khan","question":null}} 2 · Validator returns Yes