Deep20Bench
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Edition 1.1 settings

10 subjects3 rounds per subject40 question limit
Question answersYesRather yesRather noNoUnknown
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Round

Round 1

Round 1

Identified Genghis Khan in 21 counted questions.

Back to all Genghis Khan rounds
Questions
21
Outcome
Solved
Format errors
No errors
Duration
10m 45s
Round cost
$0.0625 All 22 turns

Transcript

Questions and answers.

Turns are shown in the order they happened. Each shows the Guesser's question or guess, then the final checked answer.

Exact Guesser setupSystem message and BEGIN event

The Guesser received these messages at the start of the round. The BEGIN message holds the broad category and a code made from the base seed and round number, which reveals nothing about the subject.

System message
You are the Guesser in a Twenty Questions benchmark. Identify the hidden subject using as few
counted turns as possible. BEGIN provides only its broad category. The variation_token has no
clues; do not interpret, mention, or repeat it.

The category in BEGIN has a broad meaning:
- person: a real human, living or historical.
- fictional_character: an invented character from a story, book, comic, film, television,
  game, or another fictional work.
- mythological_figure: a figure from mythology or traditional legend.
- video_game_character: a character known from video games.
- thing: a broad category covering natural and human-made entities, living or nonliving,
  whole entities or parts of them. Possibilities include everyday objects, tools, machines,
  materials, food, animals, plants, body parts, natural structures, geographical features,
  celestial bodies, natural phenomena, and concepts. These possibilities are not exhaustive.
  The target may be a general kind or one particular instance.

Use questions to narrow the supplied category. These definitions are not a list of targets.

Use ASK for a factual question that distinguishes candidates. Never use ASK to confirm a
specific identity. Use GUESS with a name and short identifying description to name a candidate.

ASK has five possible replies:
- YES or NO: the evidence establishes that answer to the exact question.
- RATHER_YES or RATHER_NO: evidence leans that way, but is not strong enough for a firm answer.
  Treat this as a clue; keep candidates fitting the opposite answer possible.
- UNKNOWN: no reliable direction. It supports neither answer.

Ask clear questions about verifiable properties. "Can", "sometimes", "usually", "always", and
"mainly" ask different things. Do not assume that one property proves another or rules out alternatives.
Qualified replies express uncertainty about your question, not how often a property applies.
Before narrowing heavily, check your key assumption with a different property. After rejected
guesses, reconsider earlier assumptions as well as candidates. Answers can be mistaken; check
another property when stuck. Do not ignore an answer merely because it conflicts with a
preferred candidate.

Each ASK, rejected GUESS, or format error before the limit costs one turn. A correct GUESS costs
none. After 40 counted turns, make one final GUESS; ASK is then forbidden. Identity
validation uses only YES, NO, or UNKNOWN. UNKNOWN on GUESS ends the game without success.

FORMAT_ERROR means your output broke the contract, was not checked for correctness, and cost
one turn. Retry using its displayed formats if a turn remains. Return only the required JSON
object with exactly one result action. No explanations, reasoning, or extra fields.
BEGIN event
{"category":"person","event":"BEGIN","variation_token":"EAQCORIU"}

Valid replies are shown in the required format. Rejected replies are shown separately, without provider or call IDs.

3 of 20 answers in this round reuse an earlier, fully checked answer with its original evidence. No new search or check ran for those turns.

Q1
1 · Guesser asks

Is this person alive as of 2026?

Recorded Guesser outputRequired JSON format
{"result":{"action":"ASK","description":null,"name":null,"question":"Is this person alive as of 2026?"}}
Oracle evidence2 model-reported sources

The Oracle reported these excerpts and URLs. They are not independently checked.

Source 01

Source summary (model-reported)

Genghis Khan (born 1162, near Lake Baikal, Mongolia—died August 18, 1227) was a Mongolian warrior-ruler... Genghis Khan died on August 18, 1227, during a campaign against the Tangut kingdom of Xixia.

Open britannica.com
2 · Answer check returns No
Q2
1 · Guesser asks

Was this person born before 1900?

Recorded Guesser outputRequired JSON format
{"result":{"action":"ASK","description":null,"name":null,"question":"Was this person born before 1900?"}}
Oracle evidence1 model-reported source

The Oracle reported these excerpts and URLs. They are not independently checked.

2 · Answer check returns Yes
Q3
1 · Guesser asks

Is this person male?

Recorded Guesser outputRequired JSON format
{"result":{"action":"ASK","description":null,"name":null,"question":"Is this person male?"}}
Oracle evidence2 model-reported sources

The Oracle reported these excerpts and URLs. They are not independently checked.

Source 01

Source summary (model-reported)

Genghis Khan (born 1162, near Lake Baikal, Mongolia—died August 18, 1227) was a Mongolian warrior-ruler ... who ... brought all the nomadic tribes of Mongolia under the rule of himself and his family.

Open britannica.com
Source 02

Source summary (model-reported)

Genghis Khan, born Temüjin and also known as Chinggis Khan, was the founder and first khan of the Mongol Empire. The biographical record lists his spouse Börte and his sons Jochi, Chagatai, Ögedei, and Tolui.

Open en.wikipedia.org
2 · Answer check returns Yes
Q4
1 · Guesser asks

Is this person primarily known for achievements in science, engineering, or invention?

Recorded Guesser outputRequired JSON format
{"result":{"action":"ASK","description":null,"name":null,"question":"Is this person primarily known for achievements in science, engineering, or invention?"}}
Oracle evidence3 model-reported sources

The Oracle reported these excerpts and URLs. They are not independently checked.

Source 01

Source summary (model-reported)

Britannica identifies Genghis Khan as a “Mongolian warrior-ruler” and states that he was best known for unifying the Mongolian steppe under a massive empire and for conquests that led to the establishment of the Mongol Empire.

Open britannica.com
Source 02

Source summary (model-reported)

Britannica describes him as a Mongolian warrior-ruler who consolidated nomadic tribes into a unified Mongolia and whose troops created the basis for one of the greatest continental empires. It also describes his military campaigns and tactics.

Open britannica.com
Source 03

Source summary (model-reported)

The BBC describes Genghis Khan as uniting the Mongol nation, creating its political and legal structure, reorganising the army, encouraging trade, and overseeing the conquest of China.

Open bbc.co.uk
2 · Answer check returns No
Q5
1 · Guesser asks

Is this person primarily known as a political leader or head of state?

Recorded Guesser outputRequired JSON format
{"result":{"action":"ASK","description":null,"name":null,"question":"Is this person primarily known as a political leader or head of state?"}}
Oracle evidence3 model-reported sources

The Oracle reported these excerpts and URLs. They are not independently checked.

Source 01

Source summary (model-reported)

The Mongol Empire began in 1206 when Genghis Khan united Mongolian tribes. ... The Mongol Empire began in 1206 with Genghis Khan's election as leader of a federation of tribes.

Open britannica.com
Source 02

Source summary (model-reported)

In 1206 at a kurultai, which was an assembly of Mongol Chiefs, Temujin was proclaimed Genghis Khan, the ruler of a united Mongol nation. The source also describes his creation of a stable and organised Mongol nation with a legal and political structure.

Open bbc.co.uk
2 · Answer check returns Yes
Q6
1 · Guesser asks

Was this person from Europe or of European descent?

Recorded Guesser outputRequired JSON format
{"result":{"action":"ASK","description":null,"name":null,"question":"Was this person from Europe or of European descent?"}}
Oracle evidence2 model-reported sources

The Oracle reported these excerpts and URLs. They are not independently checked.

Source 01
Genghis Khan (born 1162, near Lake Baikal, Mongolia—died August 18, 1227) was a Mongolian warrior-ruler... Genghis Khan was born Temüjin to a royal clan of the Mongols.
Open britannica.com
Source 02
Genghis Khan (1167-1227) was the creator of the Mongol nation... Genghis Khan, whose original name was Temüjin, was born on the banks of the river Onon in the extreme northeast corner of present-day Mongolia... Originally called Temujin, he was the son of a Mongolian tribal chieftain.
Open encyclopedia.com
2 · Answer check returns No
Q7
1 · Guesser asks

Was this person from Asia (including the Middle East) or of Asian descent?

Recorded Guesser outputRequired JSON format
{"result":{"action":"ASK","description":null,"name":null,"question":"Was this person from Asia (including the Middle East) or of Asian descent?"}}
Oracle evidence1 model-reported source

The Oracle reported these excerpts and URLs. They are not independently checked.

2 · Answer check returns Yes
Q8
1 · Guesser asks

Was this person a monarch (such as an emperor, king, or sultan) rather than a republican or revolutionary leader?

Recorded Guesser outputRequired JSON format
{"result":{"action":"ASK","description":null,"name":null,"question":"Was this person a monarch (such as an emperor, king, or sultan) rather than a republican or revolutionary leader?"}}
Oracle evidence2 model-reported sources

The Oracle reported these excerpts and URLs. They are not independently checked.

2 · Answer check returns Yes
Q9
1 · Guesser asks

Did this person rule in East Asia (including China, Japan, Korea, or Mongolia)?

Recorded Guesser outputRequired JSON format
{"result":{"action":"ASK","description":null,"name":null,"question":"Did this person rule in East Asia (including China, Japan, Korea, or Mongolia)?"}}
Oracle evidence2 model-reported sources

The Oracle reported these excerpts and URLs. They are not independently checked.

Source 01

Source summary (model-reported)

In 1206 at a kurultai, which was an assembly of Mongol Chiefs, Temujin was proclaimed Genghis Khan, the ruler of a united Mongol nation. ... Genghis Khan and the Mongols attacked these states over a number of years, gradually extending Mongol control across ... China.

Open bbc.co.uk
Source 02

Source summary (model-reported)

Genghis Khan ... was a Mongolian warrior-ruler ... who consolidated tribes into a unified Mongolia and then extended his empire across Asia ... [and] challenge[d] the powerful Jin dynasty in China.

Open britannica.com
2 · Answer check returns Yes
Q10
1 · Guesser asks

Did this person's reign or rule extend into the 19th century (after 1800)?

Recorded Guesser outputRequired JSON format
{"result":{"action":"ASK","description":null,"name":null,"question":"Did this person's reign or rule extend into the 19th century (after 1800)?"}}
Oracle evidence2 model-reported sources

The Oracle reported these excerpts and URLs. They are not independently checked.

Source 01
Genghis Khan died in 1227, after ruling for 21 years. His influence continued to shape the world for generations. Before his death in 1227, Genghis Khan named his son Ögodei as his successor.
Open bbc.co.uk
Source 02

Source summary (model-reported)

The source identifies Genghis Khan's reign as 1206–August 1227 and his death as occurring in August 1227. It also identifies Ögedei Khan as his successor.

Open en.wikipedia.org
2 · Answer check returns No
Q11
1 · Guesser asks

Did this person rule in China (including dynasties based in China)?

Recorded Guesser outputRequired JSON format
{"result":{"action":"ASK","description":null,"name":null,"question":"Did this person rule in China (including dynasties based in China)?"}}
Oracle evidence2 model-reported sources

The Oracle reported these excerpts and URLs. They are not independently checked.

Source 02

Source summary (model-reported)

The Mongol armies started their attack in 1211, invading from the north in three groups; Genghis Khan led the center group himself. His renewed attack brought large parts of northern China under Mongol control.

Open britannica.com
2 · Answer check returns Yes
Q12
1 · Guesser asks

Did this person live before 1000 AD?

Recorded Guesser outputRequired JSON format
{"result":{"action":"ASK","description":null,"name":null,"question":"Did this person live before 1000 AD?"}}
Oracle evidence2 model-reported sources

The Oracle reported these excerpts and URLs. They are not independently checked.

Source 01
Genghis Khan (born 1162, near Lake Baikal, Mongolia—died August 18, 1227) ... Various dates are given for the birth of Temüjin ... He may have been born in 1155, in 1162 ... or in 1167.
Open britannica.com
2 · Answer check returns No
Q13
1 · Guesser asks

Did this person live at any point after 1600 AD?

Recorded Guesser outputRequired JSON format
{"result":{"action":"ASK","description":null,"name":null,"question":"Did this person live at any point after 1600 AD?"}}
Oracle evidence2 model-reported sources

The Oracle reported these excerpts and URLs. They are not independently checked.

Source 02

Source summary (model-reported)

Genghis Khan’s real name was Temujin. He was born around 1162 ... Genghis Khan died in 1227, after ruling for 21 years.

Open bbc.co.uk
2 · Answer check returns No
Q14
1 · Guesser asks

Did this person rule during the Ming dynasty (1368–1644)?

Recorded Guesser outputRequired JSON format
{"result":{"action":"ASK","description":null,"name":null,"question":"Did this person rule during the Ming dynasty (1368–1644)?"}}
Oracle evidence3 model-reported sources

The Oracle reported these excerpts and URLs. They are not independently checked.

Source 01

Source summary (model-reported)

The source dates Genghis Khan's reign as ruler of the Mongol Empire to 1206–1227, records his death on 18 August 1227, and states that the Ming Dynasty took over China in 1368.

Open worldhistory.org
Source 03

Source summary (model-reported)

The source states that Genghis Khan died in 1227 after ruling for 21 years, and that his successor Ögodei was formally elected Great Khan in 1229.

Open bbc.co.uk
2 · Answer check returns No
Q15
1 · Guesser asks

Did this person rule during the Song dynasty (960–1279)?

Recorded Guesser outputRequired JSON format
{"result":{"action":"ASK","description":null,"name":null,"question":"Did this person rule during the Song dynasty (960–1279)?"}}
Oracle evidence3 model-reported sources

The Oracle reported these excerpts and URLs. They are not independently checked.

Source 01

Source summary (model-reported)

By 1206 Temüüjin’s success in tribal warfare caused him to be proclaimed ruler of All the Mongols with the rank of khan... China south of the Yangtze was ruled by the Nan (Southern) Song dynasty (1127–1279)... it was on this successful campaign in 1227 that he died.

Open britannica.com
Source 02

Source summary (model-reported)

In 1206 at a kurultai... Temujin was proclaimed Genghis Khan... The Southern Song Dynasty remained independent during Genghis Khan's lifetime... Genghis Khan died in 1227.

Open bbc.co.uk
2 · Answer check returns Yes
Q16
1 · Guesser asks

Did this person's reign begin before 1100 AD?

Recorded Guesser outputRequired JSON format
{"result":{"action":"ASK","description":null,"name":null,"question":"Did this person's reign begin before 1100 AD?"}}
Oracle evidence2 model-reported sources

The Oracle reported these excerpts and URLs. They are not independently checked.

2 · Answer check returns No
Q17
1 · Guesser asks

Was this person an emperor of the Southern Song dynasty (after 1127)?

Recorded Guesser outputRequired JSON format
{"result":{"action":"ASK","description":null,"name":null,"question":"Was this person an emperor of the Southern Song dynasty (after 1127)?"}}
Oracle evidence3 model-reported sources

The Oracle reported these excerpts and URLs. They are not independently checked.

Source 01

Source summary (model-reported)

The Song dynasty (960–1279) ... is divided into the Northern Song and Southern Song periods, with the latter occurring after 1127 ... The Mongols, under Genghis Khan, began their move on China with an assault on the Jin state in the North in 1211. ... The dynasty finally ended in 1279.

Open britannica.com
Source 02

Source summary (model-reported)

The Song Chinese court fled south and founded the Southern Song dynasty. ... A surviving prince was named Emperor Gaozong of Song in 1127. ... The Mongols, led by Genghis Khan, became a new foe. ... Kublai Khan ... ruled as the first Yuan emperor.

Open human.libretexts.org
Source 03

Source summary (model-reported)

In 1206, Temujin was granted the title of Genghis Khan. ... In 1279 the Mongol forces finally destroyed the Southern Song court ... The conquest of the Southern Song ... was completed under Genghis’s grandson, Kublai Khan.

Open encyclopedia.com
2 · Answer check returns No
Q18
1 · Guesser asks

Did this person's reign last more than 10 years?

Recorded Guesser outputRequired JSON format
{"result":{"action":"ASK","description":null,"name":null,"question":"Did this person's reign last more than 10 years?"}}
Oracle evidence3 model-reported sources

The Oracle reported these excerpts and URLs. They are not independently checked.

2 · Answer check returns Yes
Q19
1 · Guesser guesses

Emperor Huizong of Song

Northern Song emperor who reigned from 1100 to 1126, known as a painter and calligrapher.

Validator rationale The proposal identifies Emperor Huizong of Song, a different historical person from Genghis Khan.

Recorded Guesser outputRequired JSON format
{"result":{"action":"GUESS","description":"Northern Song emperor who reigned from 1100 to 1126, known as a painter and calligrapher.","name":"Emperor Huizong of Song","question":null}}
2 · Validator returns No
Q20
1 · Guesser asks

Was this person a ruler of the Mongol Empire or the Yuan dynasty?

Recorded Guesser outputRequired JSON format
{"result":{"action":"ASK","description":null,"name":null,"question":"Was this person a ruler of the Mongol Empire or the Yuan dynasty?"}}
Oracle evidence2 model-reported sources

The Oracle reported these excerpts and URLs. They are not independently checked.

2 · Answer check returns Yes
Q21
1 · Guesser asks

Was this person the founder of the Mongol Empire (Genghis Khan)?

Recorded Guesser outputRequired JSON format
{"result":{"action":"ASK","description":null,"name":null,"question":"Was this person the founder of the Mongol Empire (Genghis Khan)?"}}
Oracle evidence3 model-reported sources

The Oracle reported these excerpts and URLs. They are not independently checked.

Source 01

Source summary (model-reported)

The Mongol Empire began in 1206 with Genghis Khan's election as leader of a federation of tribes in the Steppe of central Asia... The year 1206, when Temüjin... was elected Genghis Khan... must be regarded as the beginning of the Mongol empire.

Open britannica.com
Source 02

Source summary (model-reported)

In 1206 he is accepted as emperor of all the steppe people and is proclaimed Genghis Khan... This event is regarded as the beginning of the Mongol Empire.

Open britannica.com
Source 03

Source summary (model-reported)

The Mongol Empire was founded in 1206, when Temüjin, son of a chieftain, assumed power and changed his name to Chinggis Khan (styled as “Genghis Khan” in the West...).

Open nationalgeographic.com
2 · Answer check returns Yes
G
1 · Guesser guessesNot counted

Genghis Khan

Founder and first Great Khan of the Mongol Empire, born around 1162 and ruling from 1206 to 1227.

Validator rationale The proposed identity names Genghis Khan directly and matches the specified historical person, including his role as founder and first khan of the Mongol Empire.

Recorded Guesser outputRequired JSON format
{"result":{"action":"GUESS","description":"Founder and first Great Khan of the Mongol Empire, born around 1162 and ruling from 1206 to 1227.","name":"Genghis Khan","question":null}}
2 · Validator returns Yes